SCULPTING THE DIVINE

Swamimalai, true to its name that resonates with divinity, stands as a revered hub for the exquisite craft of Panchaloha idol making. This sacred art form, steeped in tradition and spirituality, has been meticulously preserved and passed down through generations. Today, specialized training is imparted to the younger generation, ensuring the seamless continuation of this divine legacy. The region’s dedication to crafting these iconic idols not only celebrates its artistic excellence but also reinforces its status as a  graceful symbol of devotion and culture. The artisans at Divine panchaloha crafting, proudly upheld the legacy of this artwork, which originated centuries ago and had not faded a bit from its original beauty. The workers started to mold wax structures carefully and as we watched they started to narrate the story of the making of Panchaloha idols. 

Swamimalai is unique for bronze idol making with its usage of the ancient method called the ‘lost wax’ process; A science that finds reference in the Rigveda and Shilpa shastras. The ancient texts that spell out the grammar and nuances of the craft are held in high esteem and followed even today. The sculptors in Swamimalai have been involved in the craft of bronze idol making for centuries now, and have been almost solely responsible in not only preserving and nurturing this craft but also propagating the same. It is said, originally the stone sculptors moved to Thanjavur, where they were trained to make bronze idols using the lost wax process when the big temple was built. The Big temple also known as Sri Brihadeeswara temple at Thanjavur, represents the zenith of architectural brilliance achieved by the Cholas under Raja Raja Chola. The bronze images of the magnificent Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple were also done by these talented craftsmen. After the completion of these temples, the clan slowly migrated in different directions until one of them discovered the fine slit on the banks of cauvery near Swamimalai. The clay was supremely fine and amenable for making the most perfect mould. It made the craftsmen settle down in this town and continue their rich tradition of idol making. 

To make the bronze idols, firstly, resin and paraffin wax are mixed with an addition of groundnut oil to form the base of the mold that will shape the curves of the statues’ bodies.  Then the figure is covered with clay and is kept for sun drying. Later this clay case is heated, and the molten wax is made to escape through a tiny hole making it a hollow piece of clay. A five metal alloy called panchaloha consisting of 82% copper, 15% brass and 3% lead with traces of precious metals, gold and silver is poured into the mould. Once the clay moulds are broken, there it is; the birth of the idol. The metal idol is then subjected to countless rounds of chiseling, smoothening and polishing to end up as the final panchaloha idol. 

The manufacturing of the traditional mythological idols is a craft that requires both precision and perseverance. The process is complicated and requires a high level of skill. Even in this society where traditional objects and values are diminishing, this small town proudly raises a new generation of artisans specialized from the training schools in Swamimalai itself. The fine blend of artistic precision and exquisite artwork bring in this divine embodiment, endowing good fortune and blessings in people's lives as believed.